cxcr2基因修饰小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的构建与鉴定

目的构建小鼠CXC型趋化因子受体2(CXCR2)基因cxcr2过表达的骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mes-enchymal stem cell,BMSC)并进行鉴定。方法全骨髓贴壁法分离培养小鼠BMSC,采用流式细胞术检测干细胞抗原1(stem cell antigen-1,SCA-1)、CD44、CD43、CD45、IA/IE表达率,并诱导成骨分化。以含有小鼠cxcr2的质粒为模版进行PCR扩增,将获得的cxcr2克隆到慢病毒载体,命名为p Lenti-cxcr2-GZ;将其与慢病毒包装质粒共转染HEK-293T细胞,收获慢病毒后,通过离心法感染BMSC,经过1μg/mL zeocin压力选择建立了稳定表达CXCR2的小鼠BMSC(CXCR2-BMSC)。采用流式细胞术和RT-PCR分别检测其CXCR2蛋白和m RNA表达水平,Transwell趋化实验检测其迁移能力。结果 90%以上的第3代BMSC表达CD44、SCA-1,几乎不表达IA/IE、CD34、CD45,且成功诱导成骨分化。菌液PCR、质粒双酶切后,琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定结果得到特异、大小正确的条带及测序鉴定正确,表明成功构建了p Lenti-cxcr2-GZ表达质粒。流式细胞术和RT-PCR结果显示,CXCR2-BMSC的CXCR2蛋白和m RNA表达水平均明显高于对照组BMSC,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Transwell结果显示,CXCR2-BMSC迁移能力高于对照组BMSC,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论利用慢病毒系统成功构建了稳定表达CXCR2的BM-SC,cxcr2基因修饰BMSC后可明显增加BMSC的迁移能力。     

MiR-26b-3p regulates osteoblast differentiation via targeting estrogen receptor α

BackgroundUnderstanding of the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs involved in osteoblast differentiation is important for the treatment of bone-related diseases.MethodsMC3T3-E1 cells were induced to osteogenic differentiation by culturing with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). After transfected with miR-26b-3p mimics or inhibitors, the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells was detected by ALP and ARS staining. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT. The expressions of miR-26b-3p and osteogenic related markers and signaling were examined by qPCR and western blot. Direct binding of miR-26b-3p and ER-α were determined by dual luciferase assay.ResultsmiR-26b-3p was significantly down-regulated during osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of miR-26b-3p inhibited osteoblast differentiation, while inhibition of miR-26b-3p enhanced osteoblast differentiation. Further studies demonstrated miR-26b-3p inhibited the expression of estrogen receptor α (ER-α) by directly targeting to the CDS region of ER-α mRNA. Overexpression of ER-α rescued the suppression effects of miR-26b-3p on osteoblast differentiation, while knockdown of ER-α reversed the upregulation of osteoblast differentiation induced by knockdown of miR-26b-3p.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that miR-26b-3p suppresses osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells via directly targeting ER-α.     

Modification of the bone marrow MSC population in a xenograft model of early multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells. MM dysregulates the homeostasis of the bone niche cells like osteoclasts and osteoblasts, responsible for the bone maintenance leading to bone loss and hypercalcemia, as well as the normal immune cells leading to immunodeficiency and anemia. Osteoblasts are part of the cell population differentiating from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). MSC also gives rise to other cell types such as adipocytes and chondrocytes. It has been observed that adipocytes support MM growth by increasing its survival and chemo-resistance. As adipocytes originate from MSC, the understanding of early modifications in the MSC population during the disease progression is of paramount importance and may help for early diagnosis of MM. Herein, we have evaluated the modification of the MSC population in the bone niche in an in vivo model of MM. Our results showed that before an observable engraftment of MM in the bone niche, the proportion of MSC population is significantly decreased, while a significant increase in adipocyte related genes such as PPARγ and CEBPα expression appears, with no difference in osteogenic differentiation. These results suggest that the bone niche is switching to a “fatty” marrow which would create an adequate microenvironment for MM. This led us to screen for and identify modulated adipokines in the sera of this in vivo MM-mice model. Such changes could reflect early signs of MM and potentially be exploited as detection biomarkers of the disease.     

Computational analysis of glenohumeral joint growth and morphology following a brachial plexus birth injury

Children affected with brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) undergo muscle paralysis. About 33% of affected children experience permanent osseous deformities of the glenohumeral joint. Recent evidence suggests that some cases experience restricted muscle longitudinal growth in addition to paralysis and reduced range of motion at the shoulder and elbow. It is unknown whether altered loading due to paralysis, muscle growth restriction and contracture, or static loading due to disuse is the primary driver of joint deformity after BPBI. This study uses a computational framework integrating finite element analysis and musculoskeletal modeling to examine the mechanical factors contributing to changes in bone growth and morphometry following BPBI. Simulations of 8 weeks of glenohumeral growth in a rat model of BPBI predicted that static loading of the joint is primarily responsible for joint deformation consistent with experimental measures of bone morphology, whereas dynamic loads resulted in normal bone growth. Under dynamic loading, glenoid version angle (GVA), glenoid inclination angle (GIA), and glenoid radius of curvature (GRC) (−1.3°, 38.2°, 2.5 mm respectively) were similar to the baseline values (−1.8°, −38°, 2.1 mm respectively). In the static case with unrestricted muscle growth, these measures increased in magnitude (5.2°, −48°, 3.5 mm respectively). More severe joint deformations were observed in GIA and GRC when muscle growth was restricted (GVA: 3.6°, GIA: −55°, GRC: 4.0 mm). Predicted morphology was consistent with literature reports of in vivo glenoid morphology following postganglionic BPBI. This growth model provides a framework for understanding the most influential mechanical factors driving glenohumeral deformity following BPBI.     

盐胁迫对盐芥（Thellungiella halophila）生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响

在盐芥抽苔期用不同浓度NaCl进行处理,测定单株生长量、苔茎叶和根系的质膜透性、MDA含量、苔茎叶的超氧阴离子（O^-₂）含量,苔茎叶的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等的活性。结果表明：低浓度NaCl处理盐芥单株干重增加,高浓度NaCl处理则降低盐芥单株的干重,鲜重有抑制作用;盐处理后盐芥地上部质膜透性逐渐增加,地下部质膜透性、叶片中的丙二醛（MDA）和超氧阴离子（O^-₂）含量先降低后升高。抗氧化酶系统中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性先升高后降低,过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性呈上升趋势。表明低浓度的盐处理对盐芥生长有利,活性氧及丙二醛（MDA）含量减少,而高浓度的盐处理后,抗氧化酶不能及时将活性氧类清除,从而导致活性氧及MDA积累,引起质膜伤害,盐芥生长量降低。     

Ossicular density in golden moles (Chrysochloridae)

The densities of middle ear ossicles of golden moles (family Chrysochloridae, order Afrosoricida) were measured using the buoyancy method. The internal structure of the malleus was examined by high-resolution computed tomography, and solid-state NMR was used to determine relative phosphorus content. The malleus density of the desert golden mole Eremitalpa granti (2.44 g/cm³) was found to be higher than that reported in the literature for any other terrestrial mammal, whereas the ossicles of other golden mole species are not unusually dense. The increased density in Eremitalpa mallei is apparently related both to a relative paucity of internal vascularization and to a high level of mineralization. This high density is expected to augment inertial bone conduction, used for the detection of seismic vibrations, while limiting the skull modifications needed to accommodate the disproportionately large malleus. The mallei of the two subspecies of E. granti, E. g. granti and E. g. namibensis, were found to differ considerably from one another in both size and shape.     

计算机X 线片骨放射密度法在蛋鸡骨质 疏松症研究中的应用

应用灰度对比法的原理建立了计算机X线片蛋鸡骨放射密度法。结果表明,铝阶厚度与灰度之间呈显著的线性关系（P〈0．01,r=0．997）,铝阶厚度变化可准确反映蛋鸡骨骼骨量变化,不同曝光条件对骨量值无明显的影响（P〉0．05）。该方法简便,精确,重复性好,经济,为研究蛋鸡骨质疏松症提供重要的检测手段。     

椎体静脉稀疏区注入骨水泥对PVP术中骨水泥渗漏的影响

目的:探讨椎体静脉稀疏区注入骨水泥对骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者行经皮穿刺椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)术中骨水泥渗漏的影响。方法:选择西安交通大学第二附属医院2014年1月至2018年6月收治的61例骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者,根据骨水泥注入区域的不同,将所有患者分为A组(30例)及B组(31例),A组骨水泥注入区域为椎体静脉密集区(椎体中1/3平面处),B组骨水泥注入区域为椎体静脉稀疏区(椎体上1/3及下1/3平面处),对比两组的骨水泥渗漏率,术前、术后6个月时的视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS),治疗中的骨水泥用量、椎体高度恢复率及cobb角恢复度数。结果:B组的骨水泥渗漏率及骨水泥用量均明显低于A组(P0.05)。两组的VAS评分、椎体高度恢复率、cobb角恢复情况对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与椎体静脉密集区相比,在椎体静脉稀疏区注入骨水泥可显著降低骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者PVP术中骨水泥渗漏率,椎体静脉稀疏区可作为PVP术中骨水泥注射的一个相对安全区域。     

遗传性骨病致病基因及相关miRNA的相互作用分析

目的:筛选遗传性骨病相关的致病基因和其相关的mi RNA,并研究两者相互作用关系以及在遗传性骨病中的作用。方法:本研究应用生物信息学的方法,首先应用mirwalk和《国际遗传性骨病分类标准》分析遗传性骨病的致病基因,根据筛选出来的致病基因利用mirwalk的10个预测mirna搜索引擎功能,搜索致病基因的相关mi RNA,并应用excel工作表统计分析mirna的靶向致病基因;再应用Cytoscape软件分析致病基因和相关mirna之间的相互作用关系。结果:本研究中与遗传性骨病密切相关的基因可以分为四类:第一类为成骨不全类基因COL1A1、COL1A2等;第二类为骨密度降低类基因如ACVR1、ALX1等;第三类为骨密度增加类基因如CASR、DMTF1等;第四类为通过作用骨干参与骨密度增加的基因如TGFBR1、MYCN等。其中与成骨不全关系最为密切的mirna是hsa-miR-26b、hsa-miR-19、hsa-miR-200c;与骨密度降低关系最为密切的mirna是hsa-miR-138、hsa-miR-505;与骨密度增加关系最为密切的mirna是hsa-miR-196a、hsa-miR-200b、hsa-miR-19b。结论:mirna可通过调控遗传性骨病致病基因在其病理过程中起到重要作用,提示上述mirna可能是成为遗传性骨病产前筛查和临床药物治疗的新靶点。